Implementation Outcomes

Implementation outcomes are measures of how well and how often interdisciplinary care is being implemented. Health outcomes are measures of whether interdisciplinary care works. Click the buttons on the left to read more about implementation outcomes and health outcomes that have been measured for interdisciplinary care, as well as to consider some potential research questions. In addition, view the RASC guide Integrating Implementation Outcomes into Effectiveness Studies for practical guidance on how to include implementation outcomes in your studies.

Studies demonstrate that interprofessional provider education can increase acceptability among providers and that care recipients find elements of interdisciplinary care appropriate.

Acceptability refers to the degree to which an intervention is viewed as suitable, agreeable, and satisfactory; this can be measured via qualitative interviews in which individuals are asked to provide their views on the suitability of interdisciplinary care. Adoption is the decision by a clinician or organization to deliver or take on an intervention; this can be measured by the proportion of clinicians who are eligible who provide or refer to interdisciplinary care.

Providers participating in interprofessional provider education and shadowing colleagues in other disciplines reported these experiences to be useful. The participating providers reported increased knowledge and positive attitudes towards interdisciplinary collaboration and provisions of care. On the other hand, providers who participated in fewer educational trainings reported being less likely to refer their patients to other disciplines for pain management.

Appropriateness is the perceived fit of the intervention for a given setting, clinician, or recipient; participants can be asked via survey or qualitative interviews about how good of a fit interdisciplinary care is for their needs, and what specific components were the most important for treatment.

The perceived fit of the interdisciplinary pain care plan is variable across individuals with chronic pain. Importantly, many participating individuals and providers work together to tailor and/or modify the initial treatment plans to best fit their needs. In one study, individuals with pain reported that the most helpful interventions were relaxation skills, breathing, and physical conditioning.