Future research questions regarding OEND programs may include: 

1. Developing and testing implementation strategies for improving the adoption and reach of OEND programs in new settings or through the use of novel personnel or technology
2. Improving the transition/linkage from successful naloxone administration to longer-term treatment of substance use disorder and
3. Pairing OEND with other harm reduction strategies, such as checking drugs for substances like fentanyl or xylazine.